To investigate the different effects on osteolysis between commercial pure Ti particles and TiAl6V4 particles obtained from prosthesis of patients with aseptic loosening. Scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction were used for the size test, chemical composition test, and phase analysis of two kinds of Ti particles. Microcomputed tomography micro-CT and 3-dimensional reconstruction analysis were applied to analyze the bone loss quantitatively and radiologically. Hematoxylin-eosin HE staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase TRAP staining were used to assess the histologic difference. Similar particle size of nanoscale was detected of two Ti particles. A TiAl6V4 osteolysis model had more severe bone loss when scanned with micro-CT and assessed by quantitative analysis. A mouse calvarial model is the most effective animal model for the primary in vivo research of aseptic loosening. Compared with commercial Ti particles, TiAl6V4 particles derived from prosthesis of an aseptic loosening patient had more severe bone loss and more activated osteoclast, which was more consistent with pathogenesis of aseptic loosening in vivo , had high success rate of establishment of a model, and was more desired in animal modeling. Total joint replacement TJR is a highly successful procedure to manage the pain and disability resulted from osteoarthritis and fractures, and there are about 1. Aseptic loosening is the most common long-term cause of TJR failure, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear [ 2 ].
BioMed Research International
BioMed Research International
Exploring highly active centers for N N triple-bond activation and the suppression of the competing H 2 evolution reaction HER are key considerations for photocatalytic N 2 fixation. However, little of the expected progress in the use of Ti 3 C 2 for photocatalytic N 2 fixation has been achieved. This study demonstrates that the heterostructure was constructed by filling the oxygen-terminals of Ti 3 C 2 in the N-defects of g-C 3 N 4 to form C—O—Ti interactions. Together, the construction of the hetero-interface and the introduction of N-defects contribute to rapid interfacial charge transfer to the active sites. Importantly, the exposed edge Ti of Ti 3 C 2 was confirmed to be the active site for N 2 adsorption and activation, and these active Ti sites exhibit desirable NRR selectivity via suppressing the competing HER. Finally, a mechanism for photocatalytic N 2 fixation was proposed to reveal the evolution of the redox circle that originated from the multi-valence Ti species during the N 2 adsorption, activation, and dissociation process. Sun, Z. Chen, J.
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Mullick Road, Kolkata, India E-mail: gde cgcri. Mullick Road, Kolkata, India. Zr substitution in the anatase TiO 2 lattice with exposed high energy facets has been accomplished by a solvothermal process and characterized in detail. We observed that the selection of the solvent n -propanol, nP or iso-propanol, iP in the presence of titanium tetrachloride—zirconium n -propoxide mixture and structure directors played a crucial role in tuning the morphology, crystal structure and exposed facets of the resulting nanocrystals. These nanocrystalline materials were explored as co-catalyst free photocatalysts in solar water splitting for H 2 generation. Further, the overall solar light to energy conversion efficiencies of TZ nP and TZ iP as photoanodes in dye sensitized solar cell DSSCs have been investigated and their efficiencies were found to be 5. Therefore, these Zr modified TiO 2 nanocrystals could be very promising as cost-effective photocatalysts for future fuel generation and DSSC materials.
In and , seasonal field studies on exposed rabbit carcasses were conducted in Alexandria, Egypt, to describe the decomposition process and arthropod succession patterns. Four decomposition stages were recognized: fresh, bloated, decay, and dry. Carcasses in summer and spring decayed at a much faster rate than those in fall and winter.
